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Research ArticleResearch Articles

La société agraire du sultanat de Sennar dans les récits de voyages Européens

Gabriel Beauchamp
African Economic History, March 2026, 53 (2) 74-100; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/aeh.53.2.74
Gabriel Beauchamp
Gabriel Beauchamp is a doctoral candidate at the University of Quebec at Montreal and a lecturer at the University of Quebec at Rimouski. His current field of research focuses on the impacts of non-European colonialism on African agriculture. Previously, he studied the effects of Egyptian colonialism on Soudanese agriculture in the Gezira region between 1821 and 1885. He is currently working on his doctoral thesis, a comparative study of agrarian practices and settler mentalities in Sierra Leone and Liberia between 1791 and 1899.
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Résumé

Cet article explore la structure agraire du sultanat de Sennar (1504–1821) et avance que le système est beaucoup plus complexe que l’historiographie conventionnelle laissait croire. L’État, son souverain et sa population sont organisés autour de la pratique de l’agriculture et du contrôle des populations pastorales. Toutes les strates de la société y sont étroitement liées, dans un système complexe dépassant le simple cadre du féodalisme autrefois convenu par les historiens du Soudan. Les statuts et les rôles du paysan, de l’esclave et de l’élite agraire y sont réinterprétés, par l’utilisation de la littérature de voyage européenne, pour montrer toute leur fluidité et complexité. Il est aussi question de montrer comment la structure de l’État était organisée pour maintenir l’harmonie entre les populations nomades et sédentaires, mais aussi l’ordre social en assurant une production agricole diversifiée et un large surplus céréalier.

  • Sennar Sultanate
  • Sudan
  • precolonial Africa
  • agriculture
  • pastoralism
  • © 2026 by The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Abstract

This article explores the agrarian structure of the Sennar Sultanate (1504–1821) and argues that the system is much more complex than the conventional historiography would suggest. The State, its sovereign and its populace are organized around the practice of agriculture and the control of the pastoral populations. All strata of society are closely linked, in a complex system going beyond the simple framework of feudalism once agreed upon by historians of Sudan. The statuses and roles of the peasant, the slave and the rural elite are reinterpreted, through the use of European travel literature, to show all their fluidity and complexity. Also, it is shown how the structure of the State was organized to maintain harmony between nomadic and sedentary populations and to promote social order by ensuring a diversified agricultural production and a steady surplus of cereals.

Mots-Clés
  • Sultanat de Sennar
  • Soudan
  • Afrique précoloniale
  • agriculture
  • pastoralisme
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African Economic History: 53 (2)
African Economic History
Vol. 53, Issue 2
1 Mar 2026
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La société agraire du sultanat de Sennar dans les récits de voyages Européens
Gabriel Beauchamp
African Economic History Mar 2026, 53 (2) 74-100; DOI: 10.3368/aeh.53.2.74

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La société agraire du sultanat de Sennar dans les récits de voyages Européens
Gabriel Beauchamp
African Economic History Mar 2026, 53 (2) 74-100; DOI: 10.3368/aeh.53.2.74
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Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • II. Le Sultanat et les élites agraires funjs
    • III. Société paysanne libre et servile
    • IV. Agriculture et élevage : la production agraire funj
    • V. Conclusion
    • Footnotes
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
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Keywords

  • Sultanat de Sennar
  • Soudan
  • Afrique précoloniale
  • agriculture
  • pastoralisme
  • Sennar Sultanate
  • Sudan
  • precolonial Africa
  • pastoralism
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