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Research ArticleArticle

Lamibe Musulmans, missionnaires Chretiens et administrateurs coloniaux face a l’esclavage

Les prescriptions legales a l’epreuve des pratiques locales dans l’Adamaoua (nord-Cameroun), XIXe–XXe siecles

Ahmadou Sehou
African Economic History, November 2023, 51 (2) 102-130; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/aeh.51.2.102
Ahmadou Sehou
Ahmadou Sehou ([email protected]) est enseignant-chercheur en histoire politique et sociale à l’Université de Maroua (Cameroun).
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Abstraite

RESUME

Les religions monothéistes (Judaïsme, Christianisme et Islam) ont connu dans leur histoire des rapports ambivalents avec l’esclavage. Nées dans des contextes profondément marqués par cette pratique, elles eurent des positions qui ont toujours donné lieu à de vives controverses. A cet égard, la région de l’Adamaoua au Nord Cameroun, se présente comme un laboratoire où s’entrecroisent et s’entrechoquent plusieurs conceptions et positions au sujet de l’esclavage : l’Islam qui a justifié la mise en place de l’esclavage, le Christianisme dans une posture de prosélytisme et l’administration coloniale allemande puis française prise entre les idéaux humanitaires et les réalités du terrain. Notre intérêt ici est de présenter, à partir des sources primaires, les postures de ces différents acteurs dans leur rapport avec l’esclavage pratiqué localement à la lumière des textes juridiques ou des prescriptions morales qui orientent leur perception et leurs actions. Ce pluralisme légal est une donnée majeure pour la compréhension de l’esclavage dans les sociétés plurielles et les difficultés à y mettre un terme.

MOTS CLÉS:
  • Adamaoua
  • Cameroun
  • esclavage
  • Islam
  • Christianisme
  • loi coloniale
  • coutume
  • © 2023 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Abstract

Monotheist religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) have experienced in their history ambivalent relationships with slavery. Born in contexts deeply affected by the practice of slavery, they brought positions that have always given rise to controversies. In this regard, the region of Adamawa in the Northern part of Cameroon, could be consider as a laboratory where interact and collide several conceptions and positions in relation to slavery: Islam that justified the establishment of slavery in the area, Christianity in a posture of proselytism, and French and German colonial administrations balancing between their humanitarian considerations and field realities. Our goal in this article is to present, from the primary sources, the positions of those different actors in their relationships with slavery practiced locally, considering the legal texts or moral requirements that guide their perceptions and actions. This legal pluralism is a major concern for understanding slavery in multicultural societies and the difficulties to end it.

KEYWORDS:
  • Adamawa
  • northern Cameroon
  • slavery
  • Islam
  • Christianism
  • colonial law
  • native law
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African Economic History: 51 (2)
African Economic History
Vol. 51, Issue 2
1 Nov 2023
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Lamibe Musulmans, missionnaires Chretiens et administrateurs coloniaux face a l’esclavage
Ahmadou Sehou
African Economic History Nov 2023, 51 (2) 102-130; DOI: 10.3368/aeh.51.2.102

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Lamibe Musulmans, missionnaires Chretiens et administrateurs coloniaux face a l’esclavage
Ahmadou Sehou
African Economic History Nov 2023, 51 (2) 102-130; DOI: 10.3368/aeh.51.2.102
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Fronts et frontières confessionnelles pour éviter les frictions
    • La rupture du statu-quo : réticences de l’administration coloniale et résistance des Foulbé
    • Rapports entre missionnaires et administrateurs coloniaux : mêmes principes mais différences d’approche
    • Conclusion
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Keywords

  • Adamawa
  • northern Cameroon
  • slavery
  • Islam
  • Christianism
  • colonial law
  • native law
  • Adamaoua
  • Cameroun
  • esclavage
  • Christianisme
  • loi coloniale
  • coutume
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